PRIYANGU (Fruit)
Priyangu consists of dried fruit of Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. (Fam.Verbenacem), a stout shrub, about 1.2 to 1.8 m high, occurring in the sub-Himalayan tracts from Hazara eastwards to Assam upto 1800 m. and in Upper Gangetic and West Bengal plains;
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Phalini, Vanita
Assamese : —
Bengali : Priyangu
English : —
Gujrati : Ghaunla, Priyango
Hindi : Priyangu
Kannada : Kadu-edi, Sannanathdagida, Proyangu, Navane
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Nazhal, Kadurohini, Njazhal, Jnazhal
Marathi : Gauhala, Gahula, Priyangu
Oriya : Priyangu
Punjabi : Priyangu
Tamil : Gnazalpoo
Telugu : Prenkhanamu
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruit globose, 1 to 3 mm in dia., yellowish-brown with or without fruit stalk; 4- toothed, bell-shaped calyx sometimes attached; fruit contains four one seeded pyrenes; taste, astringent; no characteristic odour.
b) Microscopic
Fruit shows pericarp differentiated into an epicarp, a mesocarp and an endocarp; epicarp thin, forms skin of fruit consisting of outer epidermal cells; a few epidermal cells elongate to form short stalked, disc-shaped, 2 to 4 celled glandular hairs; some other epidermal cells form stellate hairs; mesocarp composed of 5 to 8 layered, thinwalled, parenchymatous cells; endocarp hard and stony, consisting of sclerenchymatous cells, which are larger towards inner side and smaller towards outer side; seeds four in each fruit; yellowish coloured; endosperm 2 to 6 layered consisting of isodiametric cells; cotyledons 2, consisting of isodiametric cells.
Powder – Brown; shows fragments of straight walled, lignified cells of seed coat; oval to elongated, elliptical endocarp cells in surface view; single and groups of elongated, oval to rectangular, lignified stone cells having concentric striations, radial canal, with narrow lumen; a few glandular and stellate hairs and pieces of polygonal endosperm cells.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 6.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 10 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using n-Butanol : Acetic acid: Water (4:1:5) shows under U.V. light (366 nm) one conspicuous fluorescent spot at Rf. 0.82 (sky blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour two spots appear at Rf. 0.82 & 0.92 (both yellowish brown). On spraying with Ferric Chloride (10% aqueous solution) two spots appear at Rf. 0.82 & 0.92 (both greyish brown).
CONSTITUENTS – Fixed Oil
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Sita, Guru, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kaphahara, Pittahara, Sangrahi, Balakrta, Udrikta Raktaprasadana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Jirakadi Modaka, Brhatphala Ghrta, Brhatcchagaladya Ghrta, Vyaghri Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Chardi, Daha, Jvara, Raktadosa, Brahma, Vataroga, Vaktrajadya
DOSE – 1-2 gm. of the durg in powder form.
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